{"id":3300,"date":"2026-06-02T14:13:11","date_gmt":"2026-06-02T11:13:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.cnu.edu.ua\/?p=3300"},"modified":"2026-06-02T14:13:13","modified_gmt":"2026-06-02T11:13:13","slug":"%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%bc%d0%be%d1%88%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%ba%d0%be-%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b8%d0%bc%d0%b8%d1%80-%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b8%d0%bc%d0%b8%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cnu.edu.ua\/?p=3300","title":{"rendered":"\u041d\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/dev.cnu.edu.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-69.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3301\" style=\"width:220px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u041d\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>(26.04.1933\u201325.06.2002)<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0437\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0456\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0440, \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0456\u043a \u041d\u0410\u041d \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438, \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0406\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u041d\u0410\u041d \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u0421\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0456\u043b\u0430\u00bb&nbsp;\u0432 \u0406\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0456 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u041d\u0410\u041d \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044f \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 ( \u0437 1999 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>\u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0441\u044f&nbsp;\u0432 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0456 \u0432 \u0441\u0456\u043c\u2019\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0446\u044f. \u0423 1951 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u041a\u0438\u0457\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0443, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0437 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432 \u0443 1956 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456. \u0411\u0443\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u0406\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0410\u041d \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438, \u0434\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0434\u0456\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u0456 1956 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0423 1956-1959 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u2013 \u0456\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440, \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0456\u0432\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a. \u0423 1960-1963 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u2013 \u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u0412\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a. \u0412 1961 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e, \u0456 \u0432 1962 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456 \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0454\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a. \u0417 1963 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u2013 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0456\u043b\u0430; \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0413\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0410\u041d \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438. \u0423 1963-1967 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u2013 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e-\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0410\u041d \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438. \u0417 1967 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u2013 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0406\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0423 1967-1971 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e-\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0410\u041d \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438. 13 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 1970 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e. \u0417 1971 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u2013 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0456\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0406\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0417 24 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 1971 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u2013 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e&nbsp;\u00ab\u0424\u0456\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0456\u043b\u0430\u00bb. \u0417 1973 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u2013 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0406\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438. \u0423 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0456 1973 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c-\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0410\u041d \u0423\u0420\u0421\u0420; \u0423 \u043a\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0456 1982 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0410\u041d \u0423\u0420\u0421\u0420. \u0423 1989-2002 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u2013 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0406\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0438.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438:&nbsp;<\/strong>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u044f \u0410\u041d \u0423\u0420\u0421\u0420 \u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u041a. \u0414. \u0421\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430&nbsp;(1977); \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u044f \u0423\u0420\u0421\u0420 \u0432 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0437\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0456 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u043a\u0438 (1980); \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u044f \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420 (1985); \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u044f \u0420\u0420\u0424\u0421\u0420 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0456 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u043a\u0438 (1989); \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u044f \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0437\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0456 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u043a\u0438 (1992); \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u044f \u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u041c.\u041f.\u0411\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0448\u043e\u0432\u0430 (1992); \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u044f \u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0413.\u0412.\u041a\u0443\u0440\u0434\u044e\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430; \u043e\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d \u00ab\u0417\u043d\u0430\u043a \u041f\u043e\u0448\u0430\u043d\u0438\u00bb&nbsp;(1971); \u043e\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0422\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0427\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430 (1981); \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c \u201c\u0417\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044e \u0432 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f 100-\u0440\u0456\u0447\u0447\u044f \u0437 \u0434\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0406\u043b\u043b\u0456\u0447\u0430 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0456\u043d\u0430\u201d(1970);&nbsp;\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c \u00ab\u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u2019\u044f\u0442\u044c 1500-\u0440\u0456\u0447\u0447\u044f \u041a\u0438\u0454\u0432\u0430\u00bb(1982),&nbsp;\u00ab\u0412\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u00bb&nbsp;(1984); \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0420\u0421\u0420&nbsp;(1983); \u0414\u0438\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043c \u041f\u043e\u0448\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0412\u0414\u041d\u0413 \u0423\u0420\u0421\u0420&nbsp;\u00ab\u0417\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u0445\u0438 \u0432 \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0456 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0420\u0421\u0420\u00bb&nbsp;(1985); \u0417\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0456\u044f\u0447 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0456 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u043a\u0438 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438&nbsp;(1991).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447&nbsp;(26.04.1933\u201325.06.2002)&nbsp;\u2013 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0437\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0456\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0440, \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0456\u043a \u041d\u0410\u041d 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\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0437\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0456\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0440, \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0456\u043a \u041d\u0410\u041d 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